By: Maleeka Rubab  -  -   -  -
Introduction
In the tumultuous landscape of Jammu and Kashmir, where political turbulence and social unrest have been constants, Syed Ali Shah Geelani stands out as a singular figure whose life and work symbolize  the  Kashmiri  struggle  for  self-determination.  Renowned  for  his  unwavering commitment to the cause, Geelani’s legacy is one of resilience, defiance, and a fervent advocacy for the rights and aspirations of the Kashmiri people. 
A charismatic leader, Ali Geelani was often called “Bab,” or “father” in Kashmiri, and he won popularity for his steadfast resistance to Indian rule. His followers would chant in demonstrations: “The one who doesn’t bow, Geelani! The one who can’t be bought, Geelani!”
Early Beginnings and Political Awakening 
Syed Ali Shah Geelani was born on September 29, 1929, in the village of Zakura in Jammu and Kashmir. His early life was shaped by the socio-political dynamics of the region, and his exposure to both Islamic teachings and modern education laid the foundation for his future activism. His initial involvement in politics began with his affiliation with the Jamaat-e-Islami party, where he quickly emerged as a leader with a vision for an independent Kashmir.
Championing Self-Determination
Geelani’s name became synonymous with the call for Kashmiri self-determination. His political career, which spanned several decades, was marked  by a steadfast dedication to the cause of Kashmiri autonomy. As a member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and later as its President, Geelani’s speeches and legislative efforts consistently advocated for the right of the Kashmiri people to determine their own future. At the heart of Geelani’s advocacy was the belief that Kashmiris, as a distinct people with a unique cultural and political identity, deserved the right to self-determination. He argued that this right was  fundamental  to  addressing  the  grievances  of  the  Kashmiri  people  and  achieving  a  just resolution to the region’s conflicts. His vision extended beyond mere political rhetoric; it was a deeply held conviction that drove his every action. 
The Struggle and Resistance 
Geelani’s pursuit of self-determination was met with considerable resistance. His vocal criticism of Indian policies and his calls for Kashmir’s independence drew sharp reactions from both the Indian government and his political opponents. Despite facing legal challenges, political isolation, and periods of house arrest, Geelani remained resolute in his beliefs. In the 1990s, as the insurgency in Kashmir intensified, Geelani’s role became even more pivotal. He became a central figure in the separatist movement, channeling the frustration and aspirations of many Kashmiris who felt marginalized by the ongoing conflict. His leadership provided a sense of direction and hope for those who sought an alternative to the prevailing status quo. 
A Hero of the Kashmiri Struggle 
To many Kashmiris, Syed Ali Shah Geelani is more than a political leader; he is a hero of their struggle for self-determination. His ability to articulate the collective aspirations of the Kashmiri people and his unwavering dedication to their cause have cemented his status as a symbol of resistance. His activism was not merely about political power but about giving a voice to the voiceless and fighting for justice in a region plagued by conflict. Geelani’s influence extended beyond his immediate political sphere. He inspired a generation of Kashmiris who saw in him a figure who truly understood their plight and shared their dreams for a better future. His speeches and writings articulated a vision of Kashmir as a land of peace and self-governance, resonating deeply with those who felt oppressed and disenfranchised. Legacy and Continuing Influence 
Syed Ali Shah Geelani’s legacy is one of profound impact and enduring significance. His life’s work has shaped the discourse around Kashmiri self-determination and continues to influence contemporary debates about the region’s future. While his methods and political stances remain subjects  of  discussion and  critique, his role as  a  champion of  Kashmiri  aspirations  is widely acknowledged. In the ongoing struggle for justice and self-determination  in  Kashmir,  Geelani’s  contributions serve as a reminder of the resilience and determination of a people striving for their rights. His legacy endures in the hearts and minds of those who continue to advocate for the cause he so passionately represented. Kashmiri political analyst Siddiq Wahid said Geelani became “the very symbol of resistance” in the last decades of his life. “His  gift  to  us  was  one  of  successfully  piercing  the  carapace  of  insincerity  that  shielded government of India’s policies in Jammu and Kashmir. He did his work.”
Conclusion
Syed Ali Shah Geelani’s life and career stand as a testament to the complex and often painful quest for  self-determination  in  Kashmir.  As  the  true  voice  and  hero  of  the  Kashmiri  struggle,  his relentless advocacy and commitment to the cause have left an indelible  mark  on  the  region’s history. Despite the controversies and challenges that accompanied his journey, Geelani remains a symbol  of hope  and  resistance  for  many  Kashmiris  who  continue  to  seek  justice and  self-determination. 
About  Author:  Maleeka  Ruabab  is  an  independent  writer  graduated  from  QAU  Islamabad, Pakistan